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The Transcendental Meditation movement (also referred to as Transcendental Meditation or TM) is a term or phrase that refers to the programs and organizations connected with the Transcendental Meditation technique founded by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in India in the 1950s. The organization was estimated to have 900,000 participants in 1977,〔Stark, Rodney and Bainbridge, William Sims (1985) University of California Press, The Future Of Religion, page 287 "Time magazine in 1975 estimated that the U.S. total had risen to 600,000 augmented by half that number elsewhere" =(world wide ) "Annual Growth in TM Initiations in the U.S. () Cumulative total at the End of Each Year: 1977, 919,300"〕 a million by the 1980s,〔 claims "more than a million" in the USA and Europe.〕〔Occhiogrosso, Peter. ''The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions.'' New York: Doubleday (1996); p 66, citing "close to a million" in the USA.〕〔Bainbridge, William Sims (1997) Routledge, The Sociology of Religious Movements, page 189 "the million people () who had been initiated"〕 and 5 million in more recent years.〔Analysis: Practice of requiring probationers to take lessons in transcendental meditation sparks religious controversy, NPR All Things Considered, February 1, 2002 | ROBERT SIEGEL “TM's five million adherents claim that it eliminates chronic health problems and reduces stress.”〕〔Martin Hodgson, The Guardian (5 February 2008) "He () transformed his interpretations of ancient scripture into a multimillion-dollar global empire with more than 5m followers worldwide”〕〔Stephanie van den Berg, Sydney Morning Herald, Beatles guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi dies, (February 7, 2008) “the TM movement, which has some five million followers worldwide”〕〔Meditation a magic bullet for high blood pressure – study, Sunday Tribune (South Africa), (January 27, 2008) “More than five million people have learned the technique worldwide, including 60,000 in South Africa."〕〔Maharishi Mahesh Yogi - Transcendental Meditation founder's grand plan for peace, The Columbian (Vancouver, WA), February 19, 2006 | ARTHUR MAX Associated Press writer "transcendental meditation, a movement that claims 6 million practitioners since it was introduced."〕〔 the movement claims to have five million followers,〕〔Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Spiritual Leader Dies, New York Times, By LILY KOPPEL, Published: February 6, 2008 "Since the technique’s inception in 1955, the organization says, it has been used to train more than 40,000 teachers, taught more than five million people."〕 Programs include the Transcendental Meditation technique, an advanced meditation practice called the TM-Sidhi program ("Yogic Flying"), an alternative health care program called Maharishi Ayurveda, and a system of building and architecture called Maharishi Sthapatya Ved. The TM movement's past and present media endeavors include a publishing company (MUM Press), a television station (KSCI), a radio station (KHOE), and a satellite television channel (Maharishi Channel). Its products and services have been offered through primarily through nonprofit and educational, such as the Global Country of World Peace, and the David Lynch Foundation. The TM movement also operates a worldwide network of Transcendental Mediation teaching centers, schools, universities, health centers, and herbal supplement, solar panel, and home financing companies, plus several TM-centered communities. The global organization is reported to have an estimated net worth of USD 3.5 billion. The TM movement has been characterized in a variety of ways and has been called a spiritual movement, a new religious movement,〔For ''new religious movement'' see: For ''neo-Hindu'', see: 〕 a millenarian movement, a world affirming movement,〔Dawson, Lorne L. (2003) Blackwell Publishing, Cults and New Religious Movements, Chapter 3: Three Types of New Religious Movement by Roy Wallis (1984), page 44-48〕 a new social movement,〔Christian Blatter, Donald McCown, Diane Reibel, Marc S. Micozzi, (2010) Springer Science+Business Media, Teaching Mindfulness, Page 47〕 a guru-centered movement,〔Olson, Carl (2007) Rutgers University Press, The Many Colors of Hinduism, page 345〕 a personal growth movement, a religion, and a cult.〔〔 Additional sources contend that TM and its movement are not a cult.〔Harrison, Shirley (1990). Cults: The Battle for God. Kent: Christopher Helm. pp. 93–103 "none of the other 'cultic qualities' defined by cult watchers can be fairly attributed to TM."〕〔Rowson, Jonathan (April 23, 2007) (Meditation: for old hippies or a better way of life? ) Sunday Herald (Scotland) " the TM movement is not a cult", accessed Feb 2, 2013〕〔Hannaford, Alex (December 27, 2010). "Mantra with a mission; Feature Om or ominous? The maverick film director David Lynch wants to bring Transcendental Meditation to our classrooms, and believes in 'yogic flying'. Can he get it off the ground?". The Sunday Times (London).〕〔Lyster, Samantha (October 21, 2000) Samantha Lyster finds herself in holistic heaven with new-found happiness and tranquillity after learning the art of transcendental meditation, The Birmingham Post (England), “TM is not a religion, a cult or a philosophy”〕 Participation in TM programs does not require a belief system and is practiced by people from a diverse group of religious affiliations.〔(TM technique does not require adherence to any belief system—there is no dogma or philosophy attached to it, and it does not demand any lifestyle changes other than the practice of it." ) ()〕〔"Its proponents say it is not a religion or a philosophy."The Guardian March 28, 2009 ()〕〔"It's used in prisons, large corporations and schools, and it is not considered a religion.” () Concord Monitor〕 ==History== (詳細はNew York Times credited the TM movement as being "a founding influence on what has grown into a multibillion-dollar self-help industry".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transcendental Meditation movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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